Swaying gender norms around women working: Evidence from an online intervention in Indonesia
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How to influence social norms that drive behavior in relation to women’s participation in employment is not well understood. We report results from an online survey and intervention with over 4,000 Indonesian men and women. Respondents underestimate women’s support for working women and the level of support among men for sharing childcare. They also report that the support of mothers and mothers in-law is important when deciding whether the wife in the household works. We then experimentally test whether providing information to individuals on i) women’s level of support for women with children working outside the home; ii) husband’s support for sharing day-to-day childcare with wives; and iii) support for working women amongst older women (mothers’ and mothers-in-law’s generation) changes men and women’s willingness to support women’s employment outside the home. Providing the above information increases the probability of respondents choosing a career mentoring course for their women over a shopping voucher of equal value by about 25%. Information beyond women’s level of support for working women further increased support for women working for some groups, although not strongly so. The interventions were less effective for respondents whose children were not yet at school, underscoring the importance of access to childcare. Results from a subsample who made hypothetical rather than real reward choices showed significant social desirability bias which was not evident when real reward choices were made.
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