Farmers’ responses to unexpected weather variabilities in developing countries: the case of Indonesia
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PhD Seminar (Econ)
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This paper examines farming household labour reallocation during droughts and floods, and explores the mechanisms that enable smallholders to engage in the labour market. Using panel data from 1997-2014, the study finds that farm households increase non-agricultural employment and reduce agricultural working hours after extreme weather events. Exploring the mechanisms supporting adaptation, the study finds that village extension, public works projects, and credit facilities all support farmers to remain in agricultural employment. At the household level, engaging in community programs is helpful, particularly for female farmers. The results suggest that these policies should seek to include both male and female farmers.
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