Structural change in China and the inevitable global supply response is bringing the largest boom to its eventual conclusion. After the longest continuous expansion without recession in any country since quarterly accounts have been kept, Australian incomes relative to leading developed countries are higher than they have been for over a century. This paper analyses the origins of the China resources boom and its death through natural causes, and discusses the policy choices that will help to avoid a hard landing and to retain as much as possible of the exceptional prosperity.